1.1 Use «a» or «an» with singular when they are not specific. Use «the» to refer to a particular person, thing, or situation that is known to the speaker or the listener. «A» is used before words starting with a consonant sound, and «an» is used before words starting with a vowel sound. Examples She wants to buy a  house . (=not specific, some house) The  teacher is very kind . (=specific person, our teacher) We enjoyed the  party last night. (specific situation) 1.2 Use «a»

«Be going to» (positive, negative, questions) Forms I He / She / It We / They / You + I’m(=am) going to meet her at the airport. He’s(=is) going to give a talk at a forum. They’re(=are) going to have a party next week. - I’m not going to meet her at the airport. He isn’t going to give a talk at a forum. They aren’t going to have a party next week. yes/no? Am  I going to meet her at the airport? Is he going to give a talk at a forum? Are they going   to have a party next week?

Future Continuous + I/she/we will be studying  at 8 p.m. tomorrow. - I/she/we will not (won’t) be studying  at 8 p.m. tomorrow. yes/no? Will you/she/we be studying  at 8 p.m. tomorrow? wh? What will  you/she/we be studying  at 8 p.m. tomorrow? 1.1 Use the Future Continuous  (will be + verb-ing)  to talk about actions in progress at a specific time in the future. Sometimes it can also be used to talk about things which are already planned or decided. Examples This time tomorro

Future Simple (positive, negative, questions) + She will call you later. We’ ll come  to the party next week. - She won’t call  you later We won’t come  to the party next week. yes/no? Will  she call you later? Will  we come  to the party next week? wh? When will she call you? When will  we come to the party? 1.1 Use Future Simple to make spontaneous decisions or offers at the moment of speaking. Examples I'll help  you with that. We'll take care  of it. When the offer is a q

Past Perfect Continuous + She had been working  for hours before the meeting. - She had not (hadn’t) been working  for hours before the meeting. yes/no? Had  she  been working  for hours before the meeting? wh? How long had  she been working  before the meeting? 1.1 Use Past Perfect Continuous (had been + verb-ing)  to talk about actions that were ongoing up until a specific point in the past. Examples I had been living  in London for three years when I met her. How long had

Past Continuous (positive, negative, questions) + He was studying . They were   dancing at the party. - He wasn’t studying . They weren’t dancing at the party. yes/no? Was  he studying ? Were  they dancing at the party? wh? What was  he studying ? Where were  they dancing ? 1.1 Use Past Continuous to talk about actions in progress at a specific time in the past. Examples I was watching  TV at 7 pm last night. They are playing  soccer at the moment. 1.2 Use Past Simple for com

Past Perfect (positive, negative, questions) + She/We  had lost  her/our keys. - She/We hadn’t lost  her/our keys. yes/no? Had she/we lost  her/our keys? wh? What had  she/we lost ? 1.1 Use Past Perfect to refer to an action or state that occurred before another action or point in the past. Examples We had already left  by the time the meeting started. He had forgotten  his keys, so he couldn’t get in. She had finished  her homework before the guests arrived. 1.2 Use Past Per

Past Simple (positive, negative, questions) Types of sentences Regular verbs  Irregular verbs + She danced  at the party. He  went to the zoo. - She  didn’t   dance at the party. He didn’t go to the zoo. yes/no? Did she dance at the party? Did  he  go  to the zoo? wh? When did  she dance at the party? Where did he go ? 1.1 Use Past Simple to talk about completed actions in the past. The Past Simple form is the same for all subjects.  Examples I went to the zoo. He saw a rainb

Present Perfect Continuous (positive, negative, questions) + I/We/They have been living  here for 5 years. I/We/They + 've been...

Table showing the Present Continuous tense in use. Present Continuous (positive, negative, questions) + She is eating lunch. They are...

Present Perfect (positive, negative, questions) + We have been  to Paris twice. She  has lost her keys. - We haven’t been to Paris. She...

Tables showing the Present Simple tense in use.  The Present Simple is formed from the infinitive without the particle «to». In the third...

Most common prepositions of time  Use of prepositions « in », « on », « at » with different time periods and phrases  In On At in the...

1.1 There are verbs that can take two objects: a direct object and an indirect object. These verbs are: give, tell, pass, send, show....

1.1 Use «and» to join two or more nouns or noun phrases (people, things, places). Examples I have a cat and a dog  at home. The tall...

1.1 Use linking words to sequence events and activities: before, after that, in the end, finally, beforehand, afterwards . Examples We...