Nouns: countable/uncountable + some/any

Countable and uncountable nouns with some/any/a/an 

Use of some/any in positive, negative, affirmative sentences with countable and uncountable nouns 

Types of sentences	Countable	Uncountable
+ (Positive)	I need an orange. I need  some oranges.	I need some sugar.
- (Negative)	I don’t need an apple. I don’t need  any apples.	I don’t need any flour.
? (Questions)	Do you need a pear? Do you need  any pears?	Do you need any butter?

1.1 Nouns in English can be countable and uncountable. Countable nouns are items that you can count. They can be singular or plural. Uncountable nouns are items you cannot count individually. They are usually singular. 

Examples

an apple - apples (countable)

a book - two books (countable)

meat, rice, information, music (uncountable)

1.2 Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable, depending on the context.

Examples

a coffee (countable, meaning a cup of coffee) - some coffee (uncountable)

1.3 Use a/an with singular countable nouns in the meaning of «one».

Examples

Can you give me an apple?

I want a cup of coffee.

1.4 Use «some» with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns in positive sentences.

Examples

There is some butter in the fridge. (uncountable)

I need some apples for the pie. (countable)

1.5 Use «any» with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns in negative sentences and questions.

Examples

Is there any rice left?

Do you have any oranges?

We don’t need any water.

Use «some» in questions when you ask for or offer things. (Can I have some coffee, please? Would you like some more wine?)