Conditionals: hypothetical

1.1 Use the 2nd conditional for things that are imaginary in the present or future or for future actions that are unlikely, but possible. Use the form if + Past Simple + would for the 2nd conditional. 

Examples

If I had time, I would travel the world.

She would buy a new car if she earned more. 

If we lived near the beach, we would go swimming every day.

1.2 You can use could or might instead of would. 

Examples

If I had more money, I could/might get a new phone.

1.3 After I/he/she/it you may use was or were. But use If I were you to give advice.

Examples

If I was/were richer, I would get a bigger department.

If I were you, I would apply for this job. (advice)

If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive phone. (advice)

1.4 You may use even if to describe hypothetical situations with outcomes that remain the same regardless of the condition. 

Examples

She wouldn’t forgive him, even if he apologized. (2nd conditional)

Even if he offers, I will not accept. (1st conditional)

1.5 You may use I wish or If only to express regrets or desires about the present or future that are unreal or unlikely. Use If only / I wish + Past Simple.

Examples

I wish I had more free time. 

If only I were taller, I could play basketball better.

I wish you were here with me = If only you were here with me.

1.6 Use the 3rd conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past. Use if + Past Perfect + would/wouldn’t + have + past participle. 

Examples

She would have arrived on time if she had left earlier. 

If I had known, I would have told you.

1.7 Use would + base verb with the third conditional to describe hypothetical current results of past actions. 

Structure: If + past perfect, + would + base verb.

Examples

If I’d worked harder, I would have a better job now.

She would be here now if anyone had told her about the party.