Conditionals: zero, 1st & time clauses

1.1 Use zero Conditional for things that are always true or when one thing is a result of another. In zero conditionals, use the present tense in both parts of the sentence. 

Examples

If you press the button, the light turns on.

If you win the game, you get the prize. 

1.2 Use the 1st conditional to talk about the future outcome of another action (when you describe realistic results in the future). Use if + present tense in the condition, and will + base form in the result clause.

Examples

If it rains, we will stay inside.

I’ll help you if you help me.

We’ll leave early if you finish your work on time. 

1.3 Use «unless» in the conditional sentences with a similar meaning to «if not».

Examples

You won’t pass unless you study hard. 

The car won’t start unless you turn the key.

1.4 Use «in case» + present tense to talk about future precautions and preparations.  

Examples

Take an umbrella in case it rains. 

I’m bringing my charger in case my phone dies. 

We’ll prepare extra food, in case more guests arrive.

1.5 Time clauses are dependent clauses that describe when something happens. They often use specific conjunctions like when, before, after, in case, and until. Use the present tense in time clauses after when, before, after, and until.

Examples

I’ll call you when I get there. 

They’ll leave before the movie starts. 

We’ll meet after she arrives.